چکیده:
The people and nation of Central Asia: Turkmans live in the north of Afghanistan
and the east of the Caspian sea and at some parts of Turkmenistan and
Uzbekistan.Iranian Turkmans live in the north east of Iran in Turkman Sahra.They
have a special, rich and indigenous culture.
There are many fables and beliefs on the making of Turkman carpets. Here we
recall the tale of “Agh-Morad”3[1].
Most of the designs used in the “Pazirik”4[2] carpet are quite similar to those
of Turkman.
Turkman carpets are weaved by women in a way that differentiate them from other
carpets. Up to 25 colors are being used with approximately 40 designs.
Turkman carpets resemble paintings of the museums and royal castles.
The raw materials used to weave Turkman carpets are wool, fluff, cotton and
thread.
The weaving tools are hackle, small knife, scissors and Anavich.
Today there are two types of carpets in Turkman Sahra: Satligh (for business)
and Tootligh (for own use).
Another important aspect contributing nation’s cultural heritage is turkman
music which is reminiscent of the people’s old traditions and sensational epics,
which they singin bitter sweet sorrows and joyous way.
This article discusses about the history of Turkman music and the position of
the Bakhshies in Turkman Sahra (the desert of Turkman) and their way of living.
Turkman music comprises affectionate, serenading, epic and warlike, festive and
ceremony. In view of its style of performance, Turkman music is either,
instrumental, vocal or instrumental-vocal. It is also known as field or
mountainside music according to its geographical location.
The common musical divisions of Turkman are Mokhammas (pentagonal), Navayee,
Ghe’re’ghler and Tashnid or Tajnis.
With approximately 500 Maghams (tunes)
In Turkman music Turkman’s musical instruments are Dotar, Ney (pipe), Kamancheh
(violin-like instrument resting on the ground during performance) and Zanboorak
(crossbow).
There are people called Porkhan who use music in their medical practices.
The fables and folklore of the Turkman people also play Iran’s cultural heritage
and reflect the depth of their attitudes, thoughts and ideals and even their way
of living.
The main part of Turkman folklore is made up of oral literature which includes:
-Laleh (a lyric sung by Turkman girls)
-Artaki and tales
-Ataladi Souzi (proverbs)
-Zekr (sonnets and the dagger dance)
One of the most important Turkman fables is a tale about their ancestors in
which a man named Yafes is introduced as the great ancestor of the Turk and
Turkman people.
According to folklore the people of Turkman originated from 24 tribes, each of
them had a special symbol like eagle, falcon and so on.
Among them three are in Iran: Tekkeh, Yamout and Googlang.
Turkman people believe in lucky and unlucky days. There is a well-known story
called “Agh Pamegh” in this regard.
خلاصه ماشینی:
"The main part of Turkman folklore is made up of oral literature which includes: -Laleh (a lyric sung by Turkman girls) -Artaki and tales -Ataladi Souzi (proverbs) -Zekr (sonnets and the dagger dance) One of the most important Turkman fables is a tale about their ancestors in which a man named Yafes is introduced as the great ancestor of the Turk and Turkman people.
Key Words: Turkman carpet, wool, fluff, hackle, small knife, music, Turkman, Bakhshi, Navayee, Mokhammas, Magham (tune), folklore, Turkman, Laleh, tale, Ataladi, Zekr Introduction Various research and evidence on the history of Iran’s first carpets indicate that the Mongolian invaders or the Turks from Central Asia were the first to introduce carpets to the world.
Position of Bakhshies among Turkman settlers, their way of living The Bakhshies’ sweet voice, their familiarity with the tricks and secrets of tunes and their skill in performing music makes the people interesting listening to the musical tunes and enjoy it in complete silence while sitting around the players.
It is also known as one of the cultural foundations of the Turkman people not only as a musical instrument but also in view of its role in passing on the nation’s history as well as bitter and sweet memories to the next generations.
Turkman fables and folklore form the following categories: -Laleh (a lyric sung by Turkman girls) -Artaki and tales -Ataladi Souzi (proverbs) -Zekr (sonnets and the dagger dance) One of the most important Turkman fables is a tale about their ancestors in which a man named Yafes is introduced as the great ancestor of the Turk and Turkman people."